Birdwatching in Uganda is possible year-round, but different seasons bring unique birding opportunities. Intra-African migratory birds, such as various cuckoo species, start arriving in Uganda from southern Africa in July, staying through September. This includes the Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo, which typically spends the summer in southern Africa, and the endangered Blue Swallow, which breeds in high-altitude grasslands across South Africa, Zimbabwe, and other areas.
Some of the most sought-after birds in Uganda can be easily spotted from June to September, with peak months being July and August. For instance, the rare Grauer’s Broadbill begins nesting in late May, though nests have been observed as early as January. Bwindi Impenetrable National Park’s Mubwindi Swamp is ideal for viewing this bird, which can be tracked by its distinctive calls. Other popular birds like the Green-breasted Pitta can be observed displaying early in the morning during this season, with sightings sometimes continuing into the months of March and April.
While June to September is optimal, December, January, and February are also excellent birding months. These drier months make for easy sightings, especially for canopy-dwelling species such as the rare Ituri Batis and Uganda Woodland Warbler. This season is also ideal for spotting Uganda's only endemic bird, Fox's Weaver, and for exploring Kidepo Valley National Park to find species like Stone Partridges, Black-breasted Barbets, and Karamoja Apalis, along with migratory birds like Grasshopper Buzzards and Abdim’s Storks.
A birdwatching trip to Uganda promises unique experiences but requires thoughtful preparation, especially since many safaris are in rural and forested areas. Here's a list of essentials to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience:
Comfortable, nature-friendly clothing is essential. Lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and pants are ideal to protect from the sun and insects. Pack 3–4 pairs of quick-dry pants, 3–4 long-sleeved shirts, a few short-sleeved shirts, a fleece pullover or light jacket, rain gear, and long socks. A wide-brimmed hat is also recommended to shield from the tropical sun.
Waterproof hiking boots are crucial for exploring Uganda's diverse landscapes, from forests to savannahs. For boggy areas like Semliki, consider bringing rain boots or gum boots, particularly for wet seasons and visits to swampy areas like Mubwindi Swamp.
A waterproof backpack is useful for carrying essentials like a camera, extra batteries, binoculars, packed lunches, insect repellent, sunscreen, and other items.
Guidebooks are highly recommended to help identify bird species. If you prefer digital options to avoid bulk, consider downloading books like “A Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa” by Terry Stevenson and John Fanshawe or Birds of Africa South of the Sahara by Ian Sinclair and Peter Ryan. The Bradt Uganda Travel Guide also provides valuable tourism insights.
Bring a small first aid kit, especially since rural areas may have limited medical facilities. Essentials include sunscreen, a whistle, pain relievers, bandages, antibacterial wipes, antiseptic cream, diarrhea medication, rehydration powder, insect repellent, any prescription medications, and basic wound care supplies.
For photography enthusiasts, consider bringing cameras with extra batteries and memory cards. Nikon, Canon, and Sony cameras are widely used. A camera with a super zoom can help capture incredible moments like a Shoebill catching fish or a Green-breasted Pitta displaying. Choose a camera setup that balances capability, weight, and portability.
Binoculars are essential, as they help spot both large and small birds. Many birders bring a second pair in case of damage. A spotting scope can also enhance the experience by offering detailed views of distant or hard-to-see species.
Uganda's climate is generally warm, so it’s important to stay hydrated. Bird Finders Uganda recommends carrying at least 1–2 liters of water each day, which is provided in the safari vehicles.
A flashlight is useful for evening walks and night drives, especially for spotting nocturnal birds like owls and nightjars, as well as other wildlife such as leopards, hyenas, and lions.
Bring your passport (with copies), travel insurance, any necessary visas (pre-approved if needed), flight itinerary, and proof of yellow fever vaccination.
Don’t forget essentials like lotion, toothpaste, toothbrush, hand sanitizer, and other personal care items to ensure a comfortable trip.
With careful preparation and the right gear, your birding safari in Uganda will be filled with memorable experiences in one of Africa’s top birdwatching destinations.